Benefits of Pruning Trees in the Winter

Hard to believe, but winter is almost here and the snow will be falling soon. So what can you do to make sure your trees survive another harsh winter and bloom beautifully in the spring? Did you know, pruning during dormant can be beneficial for your trees? “Pruning in late winter or early spring, just before the new growth emerges, is good timing for many trees. This leaves wound tissue exposed for a shorter period of time before sealing begins.” (Purdue University) Here are some other reasons to prune this winter (Arbor Experts):

• makes tree structure more visible

• stops diseases from spreading

• increases efficiency

• causes less stress for trees

• improves tree safety over winter

“Applying proper pruning techniques at the correct time of year is an essential component of maintaining urban forests,” says Keith Wood, community forestry program manager for the Colorado State Forest Service. “By being proactive and pruning trees during the winter, residents can help maintain the health, appearance and safety of their trees for the long term.” (Arbor Day Foundation)

So if you want to improve the value of your property and keep your trees beautiful, don’t forget to go out and assess your trees for any pruning needs this winter. If you need more information or assistance, always contact a certified arborist.

Browning Tree Service employs Joshua Browning ISA certified arborist license #KY-9849A who is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://arbor-experts.com/winter-tree-pruning/

https://extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-506-W.pdf

https://arbordayblog.org/treecare/arborist-advice-prune-trees-dormant-season/

Protect Your Property from Future Winter Storms

It’s hard to believe, but the cooler temperatures are on their way, and soon we will be dealing with snow and ice as winter gets closer. Before the weather turns too cold and you’re still able to get outside, it’s a good idea to prepare your trees and landscape for those possible winter storms. Here's some helpful information and a few tips you can follow to prevent possible costly winter storm damage to your trees or home.

In January 2014, a “winter storm caused widespread damage across numerous midwest, southeast and northeastern states and the total estimated costs were $2.2-$2.4 billion.” (National Centers for Environmental Information) The damages in these types of storms usually consists of power outages, car accidents, snow, wind, freezing rain accumulation, and of course ice and snow on tree limbs, causing them to fall. Fortunately, most homeowners’ policies cover this type of damage. “Tree limbs that fall on a house or other insured structure on the property—this includes both the damage the tree inflicts on the house and the cost of removing the tree, are generally [covered] up to about $500.” (Insurance Information Institute)

Even though the damages from these events are usually covered under your homeowners insurance, it’s best to avoid filing a claim if possible. Here are few things you can do to help your trees withstand the power that winter can bring (Purdue University):

• Eliminate codominant stems by pruning weak-forked branches. Choose a good, strong central leader for young trees.

• Inspect trees for broken, dying, diseased and dead branches each year. Also, conduct a visual assessment after a storm event.

• Under no circumstances should a tree be “topped” to prevent wind or ice damage.

• A healthy tree is the best defense to any challenge the tree may face in its lifetime. Appropriate watering and fertilization improves root growth and structure, making the tree more stable.

Luckily, you still have a few more weeks before any winter storm is expected and autumn is one of the best times to assess your trees and prune where needed. If the job is out of your realm of expertise, consider consulting a certified arborist. And if, despite all your preparation, you find yourself with damage to your home following a storm, “a professionally trained arborist can determine if a tree can be saved. Even if the tree must be removed, safety and training are needed to prevent additional damage or injury from the removal.” (Purdue University)

Browning Tree Service employs Joshua Browning ISA certified arborist license #KY-9849A who is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/events.pdf

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-FAQ-12-W.pdf

https://www.iii.org/press-release/concerned-about-winter-storm-damage-to-your-home-or-car-iii-reviews-whats-covered-by-your-insurance-012615#:~:text=Vehicle%20crashes%20between%20two%20or,is%20required%20by%20most%20states.&text=Physical%20damage%20to%20a%20vehicle,portion%20of%20an%20auto%20policy.

Searching for a New Home with Mature Trees?

What do you think of when searching for your forever home? Mature trees come up on a lot of homeowners’ ‘must have’ list. There’s just something about large beautiful old trees that have a lot of people looking for these beauties when searching for their next property. Despite their stately presence, there are a lot of things to consider before purchasing a property with mature trees.
Obviously, there are a lot of positives to having mature trees on your new property. “Trees can add value to your home, help cool your home and neighborhood, break the cold winds to lower your heating costs, and provide food for wildlife.” (Arbor Day Foundation) “They can [also] help to absorb noise, freshen the atmosphere, serve as windbreaks, provide privacy, protect, shade, shelter and divide grounds into several use areas.” (University of Minnesota)

Despite these benefits, there are also things to consider before purchasing a home with mature trees. “A mature tree right next to or near a home works great as a natural home cooler or wind blocker. But there are risks of having a tree situated near a house: it could fall, its limb could drop or it could damage the home’s foundation. That’s why the most important thing you can do is get lots of information about the trees up front. And then decide if they’ll be a sound investment or a serious liability.” (Davey) Also, “Remember that existing trees grow and will need to be pruned later to keep this space open.” (University of Minnesota)

Before you make an offer, have a certified arborist check out the potential property if you have questions on the possible value of removing or keeping any large, mature trees. It could potentially save you a lot of money in the long run!

Browning Tree Service employs Joshua Browning ISA certified arborist license #KY-9849A who is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://extension2.missouri.edu/g6900

https://www.arborday.org/trees/benefits.cfm

https://blog.davey.com/2018/04/buying-a-house-with-big-mature-trees-near-house-or-foundation/

Location, Location, Location…Tree Placement Do's and Don'ts

Most people agree that trees add value to your landscape, but how do you know when a tree is in the right location and not causing damage to your home? Also, when planting a tree, what’s the recommended placement distance from the home or other structures? “Choosing and planting a tree should be a well informed and planned decision. Proper selection and planting can provide years of enjoyment for you and future generations as well as increased property value, improved environmental quality, and economic benefits. On the other hand, an inappropriate tree for your site or location can be a continual challenge and maintenance problem, or even a potential hazard, especially when there are utilities or other infrastructure nearby.” (Purdue University) Here are some tree placement ‘Do’s’ according to Purdue University:

• Before planting your tree, consider the tree's “fullgrown” size.

• When selecting trees for energy efficiency, don’t plant evergreen trees near the house on southern exposures.

• When choosing trees for shade and solar gain, choose larger, deciduous-canopy trees, which provide an advantage year round.

• Be certain that the mature height and spread fit the location before placing the tree.

• A good rule of thumb to plant the tree at least 20 feet from the house. For larger shade trees, you may need to plant as far as 40 feet from the house to insure room for growth.

Also, there are several risks with improper placement of trees. Here are some planting ‘Don’ts from University of Missouri:

• Do not plant trees near underground pipelines, septic tanks, walks or drives or under overhead wires.

• Do not plant a tree where it will overhang the house, in front of the front door or where it will obstruct a desirable view from inside the house.

• Do not plant a large tree closer than 5 feet from a sidewalk; it will eventually push up the concrete.

• Do not plant trees closer together than half their total spread at maturity.

• Do not plant trees closer than 25 feet from the corner of a block so that they will not interfere with motorists' vision at intersections.

• Do not plant trees directly on property lines.

• Do not plant trees that give dense shade where you want to grow grass.

If you need assistance with tree placement or removal of dangerous trees, make sure to contact a professional arborist. Browning Tree Service employs Joshua Browning ISA certified arborist license #KY-9849A who is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-433-W.pdf

https://extension2.missouri.edu/g6900

A Common Tree Problem You Should Be on the Lookout For

Most people purchase trees for their landscape, hoping the tree will grow to be tall and beautiful. However, the health and structure of a tree has a lot to do with how the homeowner cares for it. One of the best things you can do to promote proper tree structure is to prune regularly and one of the most common results of improper pruning is codominant stems. “The term codominant stems describes two or more main stems or leaders that are the same or nearly the same diameter and emerge from the same location on the main trunk. A strong central leader system is important for tree stability and for creating a resilient, sustainable tree. Trees with codominant stems fail much more readily due to the weak attachment at the trunk.” (Purdue University)

So now that you know what codominance is, how do you spot these types of trees? “It’s easy to identify. If the trunk produces two main stems that look like a slingshot—with a V union in the canopy—there is a codominance. Usually, the branches are growing very close together just above the trunk as well.” (Purdue University) How can you tell if there is a serious problem though? Classifying codominant stems into 3 risk stages can aid in their management: (Northeast Center for Urban and Community Forestry)

• Risk Stage 1: does the union between the two stems form a "V" but there are no other symptoms? A "V" union is much more likely to fail than a "U" Stems with a "V" union compress bark between them as they grow, leaving little physical connection

• Risk Stage 2: are there symptoms of decay in the union? Can you see rotted matter between the stems? Is there any fluid flowing from the union? Are there woody plants growing in the union? Do you see wide "ears" (swelling) on either side of the union?

• Risk Stage 3: is there any sign of failure? Can you see any cracks in the union itself? Is reaction wood being formed rapidly at the base of the stems?

If you have a tree in Risk Stage 1, “there are three basic steps to removing a codominant branch structure and restoring a strong central leader branching system” (Purdue University):

1. Identify the best stem to become the dominant leader.

2. Determine which stem or stems are competing with the leader.

3. Remove or subordinate the competing stems to improve structure

If your tree has surpassed Risk Stage 2 or 3, then it might be necessary to contact a professional arborist to assist in pruning or removal of the tree. Browning Tree Service employs Joshua Browning ISA certified arborist license #KY-9849A who is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.umass.edu/urbantree/factsheets/35codominantstems_rev1.html#:~:text=The%20term%20%22codominant%20stems%22%20is,any%20single%20one%20becoming%20dominant.

https://www.arborday.org/trees/bulletins/documents/001-summary.pdf

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-563-W.PDF

Root Rot…What is it and how do you spot it?

When you think of summer in Indiana you think of hot humid air and you probably worry about protecting your trees from drought. What you might not think about is that your trees absorbed too much water in spring and then have to survive in hot and humid summer air. This change in weather pattern is when plants are more prone to root rot.

“Unusually wet weather results in poor root grwth, predisposing plants to problems. The plant failed to develop an extensive root system because water was too easily acquired. During these periods of excessive moisture, roots may even leak, attracting opportunistic fungi and water molds that infect and rot roots. These infections may be completely asymptomatic in the aboveground portion of the plant until spring and summer rains change into summer heat, dry spells or drought. The poorly developed and/or infected roots that grew during the wet periods can no longer support the aboveground plant (stems, branches, leaves) in dry times.”(Purdue University) According to University of Maryland:

• Root rots can be caused by various fungi, such as Phytophthora, Armillaria, Ganoderma, Fomes, Inonotus and Laetiporus spp.

• Symptoms include poor growth, loss of healthy needle color (needles eventually turn light yellow or brown), dark brown discolored wood at the base of the stem for several inches above the soil line, and loosening and separation of the dead lower bark.

• Other symptoms include slowed growth, smaller than normal needles on evergreens, excessive cone or seed set, premature autumn color, and winter twig dieback.

• Infected plant material often has extensive dieback.

So what can you do as a homeowner to prevent this from happening to your trees? There are a few things to keep in mind. (University of Maryland)

• There are no cures once the tree or shrub is infected and the fungi cannot be eliminated from the surrounding soil once the tree or shrub is removed.

• Root rots can be prevented by proper planting and maintenance practices.

• Avoid damage from improper pruning, lawn mowers, and excavation within the root zone.

• Avoid planting trees and shrubs in poorly drained compacted soils.

• Construction of raised beds or grade changes may be needed to ensure proper drainage.

• Root diseases on older established plants can result from changes in water drainage patterns.

If you need assistance with identifying and handling root rot, an assessment should be done by a certified arborist. Browning Tree Service employs Joshua Browning ISA certified arborist license #KY-9849A who is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://extension.umd.edu/hgic/topics/root-rots-trees-and-shrubs

https://forestpathology.org/root-diseases/

https://www.purduelandscapereport.org/article/root-rot/

What is an Arborist and What do they do?

Have you ever wondered what an arborist does? Or when you might need one? Well if you don’t know, you should, because they are extremely important and helpful when it comes to the health of your trees and landscape. “An arborist is a specially trained professional who deals with the art and science of planting, caring, maintaining, and diagnosing trees, shrubberies, and other woody plant life.” (American Arborists) So what exactly is it that they do? What services do they provide?

Services an arborist can provide include (ISA, Trees Are Good):

• Pruning. An arborist can determine the type of pruning necessary to maintain or improve the health, appearance, and safety of trees.

• Tree Removal. Although tree removal is a last resort, there are circumstances when it is necessary. An arborist can help decide whether a tree should be removed.

• Emergency Tree Care. An arborist can assist in performing emergency tree care in a safe manner, while reducing further risk of damage to property.

• Planting. Some arborists plant trees, and most can recommend species that are appropriate for a particular location.

• Plant Health Care. Preventive maintenance helps keep trees in good health while reducing any insect, disease, or site problems.

• Many other services. Consulting services, tree risk assessment, cabling and bracing trees, etc.

Why is this stuff important? Well, “Proper tree care is an investment that can lead to substantial returns. Well managed trees are attractive and can add considerable value to your property. Poorly maintained trees can be a significant liability.”(Purdue University)

So if you want to ensure your trees are in good health or need assistance with pruning or removal make sure your arborist is certified. “Certified Arborists are individuals who have achieved a level of knowledge in the art and science of tree care through experience and by passing a comprehensive examination developed by some of the nation’s leading experts on tree care.” (ISA, Trees Are Good) “Anyone with a chainsaw can chop up tree branches and limbs and call it pruning. It’s the knowledge and expertise in the proper way of pruning, trimming, and removing trees that really makes a difference.” (American Arborists)

Browning Tree Service employs Joshua Browning ISA certified arborist license #KY-9849A and is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.americanarborists.net/tree-tips/2017/march/what-is-an-arborist-anyway-/

https://www.treesaregood.org/treeowner/whyhireanarborist

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-FAQ-13-W.pdf

It’s Storm Season…What Does that Mean for Your Trees?

It’s April and that means stormier days ahead. Tornadoes, thunderstorms, wind, rain and hail are all possible this time of year, especially for Indiana’s unpredictable weather pattern. “With their girth, large trees may seem indestructible but though they may withstand most things, hurricane-force winds, lightning, and floods brought about by non-stop rain can wreak havoc on the plants.” (American Arborists). With these destructive forces, comes damage to your property, home, and trees. So what do you do to prevent your trees from being damaged?

The good news is, “over time, trees swaying in the wind develop extra strength to withstand directional forces. If conditions are consistent, trees will initiate changes in their development to compensate for these loading patterns.” (Purdue Extension)

You can do a lot to help your trees better withstand these massive storm systems with a little extra care and attention. “The first and the most effective step to storm-proof trees is by keeping them strong and healthy long before a storm arrives and ruin everything in your yard.” (American Arborists) Here are some other key factors that help trees withstand these storms (American Arborists).

Make sure trees are:

• Watered

• Fertilized

• Pruned properly, especially with young trees.

• Protect tree’s root system and avoid construction and excavation.

• Add mulch

Also, if you are concerned about the strength and tolerance of specific trees on your property, you can contact us, and we can send a professional to your home to assess which trees are sensitive to future storms and damage. We can also assist with deciding which trees need pruning or removal.

Make sure you are prepared this storm season and prevent possible damage to your home, landscape and property with the help of our services. Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-FAQ-12-W.pdf

https://www.americanarborists.net/tree-tips/2017/august/protecting-your-trees-from-storm-damage/

Are You Ready for Spring?

It’s almost time! Spring will be here in a few weeks. Are you ready? There are a few things that you need to get your landscape ready for warmer weather and to maximize growth and beauty. According to Arborist Now, “It’s time to make sure your trees are ready for the changing seasons! No matter where you live or what kind of trees you have, there are some basics to cover in your landscaping at the beginning of the spring season.”

They first recommend pruning your trees. “Proper pruning techniques allow you to remove any unsafe branches that may be a hazard from winter weather damage. It also gives you a chance to assess the trees and ensure that it is in good shape and will continue to thrive on your landscaping.” So how can you prune your trees if you don’t have the proper tools? “Before you prune any plants, make sure you have the proper tools. Your tools should be the highest quality you can afford, and they should be sharp.” (Purdue Extension)

Once you have the proper tools, you can start pruning right? But how? There are three common techniques to pruning according to Purdue University:

• Pinching

• Removal (thinning) cuts

• Reduction cuts (heading back)

For more information on these techniques and how to prune your landscape, check out the resources below. However, “while these are tasks you can most likely handle for your trees, you may not have the time, energy, or resources to take care of all of these spring tree care tasks.” (Purdue University) If your pruning needs are more than you can tackle, hire a professional!

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.arboristnow.com/news/the-top-4-spring-tree-care-tips

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/HO/HO-4-W.pdf

Spring is on its way…Time to prune!

Hard to believe with our mild winter, but spring is on its way! Spring means our landscapes begin to bloom with leaves and flowers, helping us forget about that winter gray. When we choose trees for our landscape we hope they continue to bloom for years to come, but this isn’t always a guarantee. If trees are not pruned properly, they could easily die prematurely.

Here’s the scoop on why it’s important to prune your trees. “The most common reasons typically include aesthetics, structure, and reducing risk. Typically, people prune to improve the appearance of the tree by reducing the length of fast-growing stems or unwanted growth. Sometimes pruning is necessary to remove dead or dying branches or those affected by insect damage or disease. This helps defend against the spread of the pest and prevent further damage. Also, pruning can increase the vitality of the plant to improve flowering and fruit production.” (Purdue University)

So why are we talking about yard work in the middle of February? Believe it or not late winter to early spring is the best time to prune most trees. “Pruning during dormancy is the most common practice. It results in a vigorous burst of new growth in the spring and should be used if that is the desired effect. It is usually best to wait until the coldest part of winter has passed.” (Arbor Day Foundation)

So once the last arctic blast has past, get out there and start assessing your trees for their pruning needs. Remember “an important aspect of pruning is knowing when to prune plants. Proper timing helps to insure attractive, healthy, productive plants.” (Iowa State University)

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/2015/03-13/pruning.html

https://extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-506-W.pdf

https://www.arborday.org/trees/tips/

Don’t pass up the Humble Evergreen for Your Landscape

If you look around outside right now, there isn’t much color to speak of. The green grass is all gone, the trees have lost all their leaves and the beautiful flowers have all lost their splash of color. The only thing keeping its color and providing some vibrancy in winter are evergreens. “The term "evergreen" means having foliage that persists (as opposed to dropping) and retains its color throughout the year, rather than changing color according to the seasons.” (The Spruce)

“Variety is one of the keys to a successful landscape. Many homeowners associate beautiful yards with flowering trees and shrubs, yet often overlook the humble evergreen. Evergreens provide a splash of green year-round. They're good for wildlife, and can provide a living snow fence.” (Arbor Day Foundation)

“Planting a living snow fence is more cost effective than installing a slatted snow fence. Trees are not only cheaper to plant, but they live longer and require less maintenance than a slatted snow fence. Also, if properly placed, [evergreens] can even save homeowners money as they tame the winter winds. This means less cold drafts through doors and windows, equating to lower heating bills. Finally, Evergreens around the edge of your property or landscape give you privacy and beautify your home. In fact, on average trees increase property value by 10 percent. Trees will also attract wildlife and serve as a nesting site for birds.” (Arbor Day Foundations)

Make sure when you’re considering what trees to plant in your yard, remember how they will appear in all seasons, including dull grey winter, and add a few evergreens to your landscape!

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.thespruce.com/what-are-evergreens-2131045

https://arbordayblog.org/featured/ask-arborist-plant-evergreens/

https://shop.arborday.org/category.aspx?zcid=131

Continuing the History of The Christmas Tree

When we decorate our annual Christmas tree, we begin to think about holiday traditions and how to continue them with the next generation. Obviously, one of those traditions is the tree itself, but have you ever wondered…what’s the history behind the Christmas tree? “When we place a fresh-cut or living evergreen in our home, we’re celebrating a winter practice that dates back to the ancient Egyptians. The 16th-century Germans started the Christmas tree tradition. The Protestant reformer Martin Luther is credited with adding lighted candles, inspired by the stars. It’s no surprise, then, that the German settlers of Pennsylvania were the first to display Christmas trees in the United States.” (Arbordayblog.org)

Even here in Indiana, the Christmas tree and tree farms are a huge part of our history. “Christmas tree farms began to spread across the state, especially after World War II. State foresters provided guidance on forestry management, tree trimming and cutting. Farmers could jumpstart their Christmas tree farm by purchasing and planting pine seedlings nurtured at one of several state forests.” (Indiana Historical Bureau)

Also, did you know that you can continue the tradition by planting your live tree? “Live Christmas trees add an extra impact. After the holiday, if the root ball is intact you can plant them. Not only does this keep trees out of the landfill, but it also adds beauty and value to your property. The first step in successful planting and care of a live Christmas tree is selection. Make sure the tree you choose is winter hardy for your climate zone, and not raised in a greenhouse. If you choose to bring your tree inside for the holidays, do so for no more than five to seven days, or it will lose its winter resistance. Keep it in a cool spot and insulate the root ball.” (Arbordayblog.org)

We hope you enjoyed these facts and continue your family’s traditions for years to come…Happy Holidays!

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resource:

https://blog.history.in.gov/tag/christmas-trees/

https://arbordayblog.org/holiday/history-of-the-christmas-tree/

Facts and Tips about the Most Important Tree of the Year…Your Christmas Tree!

Some people choose to showcase a beautiful faux Christmas tree in their living rooms each year, but there are some who continue that age old tradition of picking and displaying the real thing. Here are some helpful tips for those who chose a real tree, and also some facts you may not know!

Interesting facts:

· There are approximately 25-30 million Real Christmas Trees sold in the U.S. every year.

· There are close to 350 million Real Christmas Trees currently growing on Christmas Tree farms in the U.S. alone, all planted by farmers. (National Christmas Tree Foundation)

· There are more than 4,000 local Christmas Tree recycling programs throughout the United States. (National Christmas Tree Foundation)

· It can take as many as 15 years to grow a tree of typical height (6 - 7 feet) or as little as 4 years, but the average growing time is 7 years. (National Christmas Tree Foundation)

· The top Christmas Tree producing states are Oregon, North Carolina, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Washington. (National Christmas Tree Foundation)

· According to the Arbor Day Foundation, the five most common Christmas Tree types are: The Noble Fir, The Fraser Fir, The Balsam Fir, The Douglas Fir, and The Scots Pine.

Here are some helpful tips:

“Each tree species is different so careful selection is important: Soft needle species (pines, firs) are best for homes with small children while hard needle species (spruce) are the adult choice. Firs often have shorter needles, strong stems, and well-spaced branches making it easier to hang lights and decorations.” (Purdue Extension) “Check freshness: Bend a needle with your fingers (firs snap, pines ben). Gentle run your hand over the branch from inside to out or if possible, gently bounce the tree on the cut end. If a few interior needles come off, it is probably fresh; if many exterior needles fall off, choose a different tree. Remove and crush a few needles in your hand, if there is little scent choose another tree. The tree should have even coloration 360° around and needles should be fresh (shiny, green) and not old (dried out, brown).” (Purdue Extension)

So this holiday season make sure you chose the best tree for your family and discuss some of these fun facts at your family’s dinner table!

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.purdue.edu/fnr/extension/picking-out-a-holiday-tree/

https://arbordayblog.org/misc/the-five-most-popular-christmas-trees/

https://realchristmastrees.org/dnn/Education/Quick-Tree-Facts

Where Are All The Beautiful Fall Colors?

If you haven’t noticed lately, the bright reds, oranges and yellows are just now showing up this year. It seems it a little later this year than years past, so why is that? It turns out there’s a lot more to these colors than you might expect. “The timing and intensity of fall colors do vary, depending on factors such as availability of soil moisture and plant nutrients, as well as environmental signals such as temperature, sunlight, and length of day.” (Purdue Extension) “As the days grow shorter and temperatures cooler, the trees use chlorophyll faster than they can replace it. The green color fades as the level of chlorophyll decreases, allowing the other colored pigments to show through.” (Purdue Extension)

For us here in Indiana, it’s been a very hot September and October, which means the trees still think it’s summer! Now that it’s cooling down at night, we will start to see those beautiful color’s come through in the next few weeks. “A succession of warm, sunny days and cool, crisp but not freezing nights seems to bring about the most spectacular color displays. During these days, lots of sugars are produced in the leaf but the cool nights and the gradual closing of veins going into the leaf prevent these sugars from moving out.” (US Forest Service) So make sure you enjoy the next few weeks of warm days and cool nights, and take in all the beautiful fall colors, because they’ll be here shortly!

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.purdue.edu/hla/sites/yardandgarden/look-for-fall-color/

https://www.fs.fed.us/fallcolors/2015/science.shtml

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-FAQ-5.pdf

Did you know that trees can improve your health?

“Exposure to nature reduces depression, anxiety and stress! Time spent in nature provides a wealth of mental health benefits. Researchers have repeatedly found evidence for improved mental health with exposure to nature. Trees and green environments support relaxation and reduce stress. This improves overall metal health, mood and life function.” (Wisconsin DNR)

Not only do trees improve mental health, but it also helps with physical health and productivity. “Only 23 percent of adults get enough exercise. Trees promote physical activity. People living in neighborhoods with high levels of greenery are three times as active.” (Arbor Day Foundation) Also, “Hospital patients with a window view of trees recover faster than those without. Children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) are better able to concentrate after time spent in outdoor green settings.” (National Wildlife Federation) “There’s an economic advantage too, reduced treatment costs and improved worker productivity.” (Wisconsin DNR)

Trees can improve our landscapes and increase our homes’ value, but clearly they can do much more. So next time you’re feeling stressed or anxious, take a walk outside amongst the beautiful trees and enjoy the view. It can do us a lot of good, in more ways than one.

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.arborday.org/programs/tree-campus-healthcare/

https://www.nwf.org/Trees-for-Wildlife/About/Trees-Make-a-Difference

https://forestrynews.blogs.govdelivery.com/2018/11/07/improve-mental-health-with-exposure-to-trees-and-nature/

Tree Pests and How They Can Severely Damage Your Trees

“Tree health is an important aspect of tree care. There are numerous reasons why a tree may look unhealthy including factors such as drought, disease, invasive species, pests, and improper care. Distinguishing the difference between a pest infestation or tree stress can be challenging when many of the symptoms look similar. However, knowing what species your tree is and whether there are known pests or diseases to that species will help narrow down possible threats.” (Arbor Day Foundation)

Invasive insects and pathogens have wreaked havoc on ash, elm, chestnut trees and others, wiping some of them almost completely from American forests. (Purdue University)

Here are some of the most common pests:

• Asian Citrus Psyllid

• Asian Longhorned Beetle

• Emerald Ash Borer

• Japanese Beetle

• Hemlock Wooly Adelgid

• Whiteflies

“Signs of pests will vary from tree to tree and the type of infestation. One of the first visible signs of pests will show on the leaves. Symptoms of an infestation are also visible on bark, branches and twigs. Here are a few signs that your tree will show if it is infested: (Arbor Day Foundation)

• Leaves: check for damage, discoloration, sudden thinning foliage, borer holes, and abnormal leaf sizes.

• Branches & trunk: check for branch growth, if growth is less than previous years there may be a disease or pest present. Other symptoms of pests include holes and frass on the trunk, and lifting roots.”

If you think your tree may be affected by one of these pests, attempt to capture the insect, contact a professional arborist and report your findings to the United States Department of Agriculture.

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2019/Q3/invasive-pests-kill-so-many-trees-each-year,-its-equal-to-5-million-car-emissions.html

https://www.arborday.org/trees/health/pests/

https://arbordayblog.org/treecare/common-tree-pests-and-how-to-spot-them/

https://arbordayblog.org/askanarborist/ask-arborist-check-tree-pests/

Should I Be Watering My Trees Too?

The short answer is…yes. “Now that summer is in full swing, watering your trees properly is one of the best ways to keep them healthy and stress-free.” (Arbor Day Foundation)

“In many situations, prolonged drought conditions weaken trees and they become more susceptible to pests that normally may not invade a healthy tree. Insects and diseases enter, weaken, and can kill all or part of the tree, depending on how badly the tree is predisposed to attack in this declining condition.”(Purdue Extension)

“Younger trees generally require more frequent watering than mature trees because their root system isn’t established, as a result they use more energy establishing a root system and require more water. In the first couple years of your tree’s life it isn’t uncommon to water twice a week. But as the tree matures, how you water it will change. Since roots grow deep, trees prefer a deep watering less often versus watering frequently and only wetting the surface of the soil. That is why drip systems are the preferred method in the industry, because it allows water to slowly trickle down into the soil and reach deep into the roots, versus a hose that may only wet the surface of the soil and neglect the roots.” (Arbor Day Foundation)

Good news is you don’t have to worry as much about your older trees. “Mature Trees are best left to nature. After the first two years of your tree’s life it will be able to withstand a wider range of water conditions, including on its own because it has a proper root structure. Continue to monitor your tree to ensure it stays healthy. If you’re ever questioning the health of your tree it’s always a great idea to consult with a local certified arborist who can tell you more about your tree’s health.”(Arbor Day Foundation)

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/fnr/fnr-483-w.pdf

https://arbordayblog.org/treecare/how-to-properly-water-your-trees/

https://arbordayblog.org/askanarborist/ask-arborist-know-trees-need-water/

Signs of an Unhappy Tree and How to Help Them

“When is a tree unhealthy? The simple answer is when symptoms are observed in the crown, on the foliage or on stems (shoots, branches, trunks).

The detection of ill health depends on the initial recognition of symptoms. Some symptoms are easy to identify, for example wilted leaves and stems with cankers, but others are not and may be difficult to distinguish from events that occur in the normal cycle of growth. Many trees drop their leaves and stop growing during winter or dry seasons. It is therefore important to understand the tree's normal pattern of growth throughout the year and from one year to the next, according to prevailing conditions at particular sites.” (FAO.org)

In general there are several changes you can look for if you suspect your tree is ill. (Tree Care Industry Association)

• Poor structure

• Decay

• Weak unions or joints

• Cracks

• Cankers

• Deadwood

So now that you know how to spot an unhappy tree, it’s important to figure out how your tree became unhealthy so you can prevent any further decline. “Trees are long-lived and over a period of years may be subject to insect attack, disease, adverse weather conditions, and other environmental effects. These are often called “stress factors” and alone or collectively reduce growth and may cause dieback of the tree. The root system is especially vulnerable to changes in the soil environment. Soil compaction, changes in drainage, soil fill over the root system, mechanical damage to roots from trenching, and excess salt accumulation are examples of stress factors affecting root systems.” (Purdue University)

If you notice a tree declining in health, make sure you are watering appropriately, adding mulch, add light amounts of fertilization, and prune where needed. “Where possible, determine specific cause or causes of the condition and take appropriate control steps. It is advisable to have a competent arborist or nurseryman check the tree for problems such as girdling roots, unfavorable soil pH, and damage by borer-type insects. There are no miracle cures for trees suffering from decline, just patience and proper attention and care.” (Purdue University)

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

http://www.fao.org/3/y5041e/y5041e07.htm#TopOfPage

https://www.tcia.org/TCIA/Blog_Items/2014/What_To_Do_When_Your_Tree_Is_Dying.aspx

https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2116&context=agext

Construction and Trees…friend or foe?

Spring and Summer seasons are famous for new construction. Not only residential, but commercial too. It seems that everywhere you look there are new housing additions and new commercial buildings popping up all over. But have you ever wondered how this affects the surrounding trees and their roots?

“One of the most challenging issues with any construction project is protecting and preserving existing trees on the site. Established and mature trees on a construction site can be preserved if provisions are made to ensure the tree trunk, limbs and root system are not damaged or disturbed.” (Purdue University)

Unfortunately, “Tree roots usually are considered as “out of sight, out of mind.” However, this underground system is one of the most vital and easily damaged parts of the plant, making roots the leading cause of decline and death of injured trees.” (Purdue University).

Despite these statistics, “Trees and machinery can get along. In fact, it is possible to build a new house or install a sidewalk or driveway with little or no damage to surrounding trees.” (Purdue University) Here’s some helpful tips: “Formulate a plan. Select which trees can be saved and which trees should be removed. Try to save islands of trees rather than individuals. Talk about your plans with contractors/workers. Make a map so plans are clear to everyone. Control traffic patterns by fencing off areas to be protected. Post signs that say "Off limits." Water trees regularly before, during and after construction activities. Visit the construction site and monitor for signs of tree damage.” (Minnesota DNR)

“Homes are often constructed near existing trees to take advantage of their aesthetic and environmental value. Unfortunately, the processes involved with construction can be deadly to nearby trees. Proper planning and care are needed to preserve trees on building sites. An arborist can help you decide which trees can be saved. The arborist can also work with the builder to protect the trees throughout each phase of construction.” (Trees are good.org)

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resources:

https://www.treesaregood.org/portals/0/docs/treecare/AvoidingTreeDamage.pdf

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-463-W.pdf

https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/treecare/maintenance/construction_damage.html

Spring Tree Care Tips

There are several important steps to take when caring for your trees and landscape shrubs. Pest management and Spring pruning are on the top of the list. “Spring is a wonderful time of year, when everything around us is bursting to life. This, of course, includes pesky insects that have it out for your trees. As the weather warms up, pests come out of the woodwork, so to speak, and you’ll want to know what signs to look for. When trees are stressed after a long winter, they are especially susceptible to attack.” (Arbor Day) “Spring is a good time to consult a professionally trained arborist to inspect your trees and shrubs for unusual pest activity.” (The Care of Trees)

“Spring is [also] a good time to prune out any frost damage to your trees and other plants, which may have occurred from the harsh winter. In spring, you can prepare your yard for summer landscaping by thinning or removing deadwood and/or removing the unwanted parts of your existing landscaping. This will help prevent damage to any new landscaping.” (The Care of Trees) If your trees are in need of more intensive pruning, make sure you leave it up to the professionals. Follow these two important steps and your trees will provide you with beautiful shade for years to come.

Browning Tree Service is a proud member of Indiana Arborist Association and International Society of Arboriculture, serving the West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana area!

Resource:

https://arbordayblog.org/treecare/common-tree-pests-and-how-to-spot-them/

http://www.thecareoftrees.com/my-tree-concerns/seasonal-frequently-asked-questions/spring/